WEIGHT CONTROL
Method
The dried Kaempferia parviflora rhizome was extracted with ethanol, evaporated and freeze-dried to obtain Kaempferia
parviflora extract (KPE). Male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) contain KPE 0.5 or 1.0% for 7 weeks.
Results
KPE at 0.5% and 1.0% significantly suppressed body
weight gain and intra-abdominal fat diet (HFD)-induced
obesity through increased energy metabolism.(Fig.1)
Fig.1 Temporal changes in body weight and amount of intra-abdominal fat
of C57BL/6J mice with and without KPE (0.5% and 1.0%) treatment for 7
weeks under HFD feeding.
Oxygen consumption after oral administration was
significantly higher in mice treated with KPE at low dose
(0.035 mg/g) and high dose (0.105 mg/g). This result
indicates that KPE increase oxygen consumption, thus
this is one mechanism contributing to its anti-obesity
effects.(Fig.2,3)
Conclusion
KPE suppresses HFD-induced obesity through increased energy metabolism, it conclude that KPE promotes energy
metabolism by activation of brown adipose tissue, at both doses and up regulation of UCP 1 protein at a high dose.
REJUVENATION FOR MEN
1. PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 (PDE5) INHIBITION OF KAEMPFERIA PARVIFLORA
Method
The Dried Kaempferia parviflora rhizome was extracted with ethanol, filtered and evaporation under reduced
pressure until dried. The flavonoids were isolated from Kaempferia parviflora rhizome extract.
PDE5 preparation from mouse lung tissue, fresh tissue was minced and homogenized in Tris buffer. The homogenate
was centrifuge and supernatant was used as a source of PDE5. The activity was measured according to the method based
on two-step radioactive and the PDE5 inhibitory activity was calculated.
RESULTS
Kaempferia parviflora rhizome extract (KPE) and its 5, 7-dimethoxyflavone had inhibitory activity against PDE5 with %inhibitory
activity as 53.65% (at 10 μM)(Fig.1) and IC50 10.64 μM(Fig.2)
Conclusion
This finding provides an explanation for enhancing sexual performance in the traditional use of Kaempferia parviflora.
2. PROMOTED NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION
Method
The nitric oxide production was measurement from Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were isolated from fresh human
umbilical cord veins. KPE was incubated in the culture medium at the concentrations 1μg/ml and10 μg/ml. Measurement nitrite in the
culture medium based on a diazotization reaction.
Result
KPE was co-incubated with HUVEC for 48 h and total nitrite concentrations were determined in the cell culture media.
Acetylcholine (ACH) was used as positive control of endothelial-dependent NO production. The Result showed that KP 10μg/ml
increased nitrite concentrations in HUVEC culture media more than positive control (ACH).
Conclusion
Effect of Kaempferia parviflora extract (KPE) on human umbilical vein
endothelial cells (HUVEC) showed that KP dose-dependently increased nitrite
concentrations in culture media (Fig.1)
Fig1. Nitrite concentrations in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) culture media. Vehicle-treated cells (CTRL), acethylcholine-treated cells at concentrations 10μM (ACH 10), 100μM (ACH 100), 1000μM (ACH 1000), Kaempferia parviflora (KP) extract-treated cells at concentration 1μg/ml (KP 1) and 10μg/ml (KP 10)
MECHANISM OF PDE5 INHIBITION ACTIVITY
00Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a class of enzyme that catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and cyclic guanosine
monophosphate (cGMP) into AMP and GMP, respectively.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in penile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plays a key role in
promoting penile erection. Nitric oxide (NO) released from both nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve terminals and
endothelial cells of penis activates a guanylyl cyclase to increase conversion of GTP to cGMP.
The cGMP elevation in penile tissue in response to sexual stimulation is sufficient to cause selective vasodilatation
of the penile vasculature and engorgement of the organ and was breakdown by PDE5. PDE5 its role is to regulate tissue
cGMP levels by cGMP hydrolysis.
The PDE5 inhibitor is currently used for erectile dysfunction as it increase the level of cGMP which induces
vascular smooth muscle relaxation vasodilation and increases blood flow to penile tissue.